I guess I’m just remembering to add some background material for Professor Chen’s lecture~（http://hps.phil.pku.edu.cn/bbs/read.php?tid=523 ）
Liu Zheng (Tuyan) et al. (1984) compiled 890 loanwords of Japanese origin; I am citing this from Yang Xipeng, *Research on Chinese Loanwords* (汉语外来词研究), Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2007, pp. 149–154. I have merely selected some of the words that are more related to scholarship or reasoning, for everyone’s enjoyment: — if it weren’t for these concepts introduced from Japan as Western learning moved eastward, could we still reason things out?
implication, hegemony, saturation, insurance, guarantee, pessimism, tragedy, background, essence, proportion, necessity, organizational structure, dialectics, specimen, slogan, vote, phenomenon, doctor, museum, visit, inspect, refer to, instigate, digression, common sense, occasion, place, component, member, acknowledge, abstraction, point of departure, export, storage, creation, stimulus, illusion, dispel, overall situation, represent, spokesperson, simple, unit, unit, prop, registration, low profile, idiocy, hostility, resistance, definition, motive, momentum, dynamics, mobilization, dictatorship, monopoly, textbook, reading matter, object, comparison, invention, law, court, rule, reactionary, oppose, aversion, reflection, response, reaction, pantheism, category, plan, formula, method, policy, decomposition, allocation, analysis, embellishment, feudalism, blockade, negation, veto, denial, service, use, attachment, reproduction, adaptation, revision, generalization, concept, sensibility, program, revolution, citizen, recognition, communism, republic, resonance, fixed, malfunction, relation, observation, viewpoint, idea, contemplation, light, advertisement, broad sense, induction, norm, rule, international, transition, chemistry, environment, recycling, conversation, talk, active, institution, machinery, base, keynote, Christ, criterion, assembly, concentration, plan, sign, record, assumption, hypothetical enemy, persistence, simple, indirect, architecture, appraisal, lecture, lecture, exchange, intercourse, communication, script, textbook, professor, cultivation, pedagogy, class, kissing, frugality, liberation, intervention, tension, progress, evolution, development, economy, experience, spirit, purification, static, concrete, absolute, protest, subject matter, science, overcome, objective, object, course, affirmation, space, diffusion, labor, work, type, theory, idea, ideal, reason, mechanics, standpoint, understanding, ethics, forum, polemic, blind following, aesthetic feeling, beautification, fine arts, civil law, democracy, sensitivity, explicitness, proposition, tacit indication, matrix, target, purpose, inside story, content, intrinsic, initiative, ability, contingency, judgment, criticism, plane, evaluation, temperament, opportunity, premise, money, coercion, infringement, invasion, liquidation, intelligence, moral sentiment, suppression, cancellation, authority, jurisdiction, rights and interests, personality, human rights, humanism, appointment, entrance, society, socialism, social intercourse, association, identity, nervous system, aesthetics, trial, interrogation, sublimation, production, relations of production, productive forces, physiology, ecology, surplus value, failed love, ineffectiveness, construction work, implementation, time, current affairs, timeliness, real feeling, real power, century, worldview, market, incident, situation, output, input, standard, intellectual trend, thought, blind spot, material, quality, speed, index, heteronomy, discussion, exploration, specialty, privilege, condition, sympathy, statistics, opportunism, projection, pattern, degeneration, external, idealism, materialism, hygiene, culture, civilization, literature, proletariat, stage, physics, matter, intuition, series, coefficient, system, reality, phenomenon, constitution, relativity, imagination, symbol, consumption, digestion, passivity, miniature, effect, agreement, association, psychology, signal, credit, criminal law, metaphysics, performance, nihilism, prelude, propaganda, declaration of war, election, educational attainment, degree, philology, inquiry, performance, speech, drill, deduction, element, business, heredity, obligation, art, alien thing, consciousness, meaning, translation by sense, factor, impression, image, element, principle, original meaning, principle, atom, original sin, philosophy, domination, knowledge, intuition, directness, intuition, index, guidance, constraint, quality, terminus, focal point, initiative, subjectivity, subject, ism, capital, materials, self-discipline, freedom, religion, synthesis, composition, combination, organization, work, author……
Translated from the Chinese original with AI assistance. The original text is authoritative.
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